Η ΚΥΠΡΟΣ ΣΤΟΝ ΑΓΩΝΑ ΤΟΥ 1821 ΚΑΙ Ο ΛΙΒΑΝΟΣ - CYPRUS DURING THE 1821 GREEK WAR OF INDEPENDENCE AND LEBANON
Το 1821 συνέβησαν στην Κύπρο αρκετές επαναστατικές κινήσεις, όλες όμως κατέληγαν σε σφαγές του ελληνικού πληθυσμού. Το 1821 με αφορμή την εμφάνιση του Κωνσταντίνου Κανάρη στις ακτές της Λαπήθου και οι φήμες για κρυφές συνεννοήσεις των Κυπρίων Φιλικών στέλνονται στην Κύπρο 4.000 Τούρκοι στρατιώτες και μπαίνει σε εφαρμογή ο αφοπλισμός και το τρομοκρατικό σχέδιο εναντίον των Χριστιανών κατοίκων. Συνελήφθησαν οι πρόκριτοι και κάποιοι εκτελέστηκαν. Στη συνέχεια συνελήφθησαν και δολοφονήθηκαν άγρια ο αρχιεπίσκοπος Κυπριανός και άλλοι ιεράρχες τις 9 Ιουλίου 1821. Το όργιο αίματος συνεχίστηκε με τον αποκεφαλισμό 486 προκρίτων και αρχιερέων και με σφαγές σε διάφορα μέρη του νησιού. Οι σφαγές εκείνες κράτησαν 30 μέρες! Πέρα από τις επαναστατικές προσπάθειες στην Κύπρο, οι Κύπριοι αγωνιστές μην ξεχνώντας ότι είναι Έλληνες έσπευσαν στην Ελλάδα να λάβουν μέρος στον Ιερό Αγώνα του έθνους. Μεταξύ των νεκρών στη μάχη των Αθηνών υπήρξαν 150 Κύπριοι. Επίσης από Κυπρίους οργανώθηκε ειδικό στρατιωτικό σώμα, με διοικητή τον Χατζηπέτρο, το οποίο πολέμησε σε αρκετές μάχες στον ελλαδικό χώρο. Πολλές θυσίες και βαρύς ο φόρος αίματος των Κυπρίων για την ελευθερία του Έθνους. Σε χίλιους υπολογίζονται οι Κύπριοι που πήραν μέρος στην Επανάσταση, αριθμός μεγάλος, αν λάβουμε υπ' όψιν ότι ο συνολικός Ελληνικός πληθυσμός της Κύπρου ήταν τότε μόλις 80.000 και ο ενεργός ανδρικός πληθυσμός περίπου 20.000. Στο Εθνικό και Ιστορικό Μουσείο της Ελλάδας φυλάσσεται ένα από τα ιερότερα εθνικά κειμήλια, η σημαία που κρατούσε ομάδα Κυπρίων αγωνιστών σε διάφορες μάχες της Επανάστασης. Μια μεγάλη λευκή σημαία με γαλάζιο σταυρό στην οποία αναγράφεται ανορθόγραφα: «Σημέα Εληνηκί πάτρης Κήπρου». Στο Μεσολόγγι, μνημείο των Κυπρίων θυμίζει τις θυσίες τους μαζί με τους ελεύθερους πολιορκημένους.Συγχρόνως, η Κύπρος αγωνιζόταν και για τη δική της χειραφέτηση και ενσωμάτωση στην ελληνική επικράτεια με όσα διπλωματικά και στρατιωτικά μέσα είχε στη διάθεσή της. Μια προσπάθεια από την Ελλάδα συνδυάστηκε με ένα σχέδιο για υποκίνηση εξέγερσης στο Λίβανο! Γι' αυτό μάλιστα, είχε σταλεί αποστολή στο Λίβανο για διερεύνηση των προθέσεων των Λιβανίων. Η αποστολή είχε επαφές και με τους Κυπρίους ιεράρχες που είχαν διαδεχτεί εκείνους που αντικατέστησαν όσους σφάχτηκαν κατά το 1821, δηλαδή τον αρχιεπίσκοπο Δαμασκηνό και τους επισκόπους Πάφου Πανάρετο, Κιτίου Λεόντιο και Κυρηνείας Χαράλαμπο. Η αποστολή, την οποία αποτελούσαν ο μητροπολίτης Ευδοκιάδος Γρηγόριος και ο Κύπριος Χαράλαμπος Μάλης, είχε εφοδιαστεί με γράμματα προς τους Κυπρίους ιεράρχες, από τους οποίους ζητούνταν η συνδρομή της Κυπριακής Εκκλησίας για την επιτυχία του κινήματος στο Λίβανο το οποίο, όπως αναφέρεται στα γράμματα, δεν θέλει συντελέσει ολίγον και εις την ευτυχή αποκατάστασιν της Κύπρου. Τελικά όμως η επιχείρηση στο Λίβανο δεν έγινε επίσημα αποδεκτή από την ελληνική κυβέρνηση. Διάφοροι οπλαρχηγοί όμως, και ιδίως ο Βάσος Μαυροβουνιώτης, ο Χατζημιχάλης Ταηλάνος και ο Νικόλαος Κριεζώτης, ανέλαβαν να υλοποιήσουν με δική τους πρωτοβουλία το εκστρατευτικό σχέδιο στο Λίβανο και στην Κύπρο. Ο Χαράλαμπος Μάλης και άλλοι Κύπριοι διαφώνησαν, γιατί δεν ευνοούσαν την ανάληψη ενός τέτοιου αγώνα χωρίς τη σύμφωνη γνώμη και υποστήριξη της κυβέρνησης. Άλλοι Κύπριοι, όπως ο Βικέντιος, υποστήριξαν την πρωτοβουλία των οπλαρχηγών. Η αποστολή πραγματοποιήθηκε (με 2.000 άνδρες και 14 πλοία) το Μάρτη του 1826. Όχι μόνο απέτυχε οικτρά, αλλά τόσο στο Λίβανο όσο και στην Κύπρο το ελληνικό εκστρατευτικό σώμα διέπραξε ληστείες και λεηλασίες προτού επιστρέψει στην Ελλάδα. Η Κύπρος, βέβαια, δεν περιελήφθη ποτέ στο ελληνικό κράτος. Το όνειρο αυτό εγκλωβίστηκε σε πρακτικά προβλήματα, αλλά κυρίως σε συμφέροντα και διπλωματικούς δαιδάλους. Ωστόσο, οι Κύπριοι δεν έπαψαν να συντρέχουν στους απολυτρωτικούς αγώνες του ελληνισμού.
During the Greek war for independence against the Ottomans in 1821, many revolutionary movements took place in Cyprus as well, however they all led to the slaughter of the Greek population of the island. In 1821 on the occasion the appearance of Greek revolutionary leader Konstantinos Kanaris at the coast of Lapithos near Kyrenia and the rumours about secret agreements between the Greek Cypriots and the Greek revolutionary movement made the Ottoman administration on the island sent 4.000 Turkish soldiers in Cyprus. These soldiers started disarming and terrorizing the Christian residents. Important members of the Greek Cypriot community were arrested and some of them were executed. After that, they arrested and also murdered savagely the Archbishop of Cyprus, Kyprianos and other church hierarchs on the 9th of July 1821. The blood orgy was continued with the hanging of 486 notable men and church hierarchs and with slaughters in various parts of the island. These slaughters continued for 30 days! Besides the revolutionary efforts in Cyprus, the Cypriot fighters without forgetting that they are also Greek, hurried to Greece and took part in the struggle of the Greek nation. Among the dead of the battle of Athens there were also 150 Cypriots. Also a special military unit was organized by Cypriots with Major Hadjipetros as the leader, which fought in many battles in Greece. The sacrifices and heavy toll of blood given by the Cypriots for the freedom of the Greek Nation were many. The Cypriots who took part in the Greek revolution are estimated to have been one thousand men, a large number, if we take into consideration that the total Greek population of Cyprus was then only 80.000 and the active male population around 20.000. In the National and Historical Museum of Greece, one of the holiest national treasures is kept. It is the flag that the Cypriot fighters used to hold in various battles of the Revolution. It is a big white flag with a light blue cross on which it is written in misspelled letters: "Greek flag of the homeland Cyprus". In Mesologgi, a monument for the Cypriot dead fighters reminds us their sacrifice among with besieged local population which died fighting without giving their freedom up.At the same time, Cyprus also fought for its own emancipation and incorporation in the Greek State with the little diplomatic and military means it had in its disposal.One such attempt was an effort from Greece which was combined with a plan for the incitement of revolt in Lebanon which was also under the Ottomans!For this effort, a mission was send in Lebanon to investigate and find out the intentions of the Lebanese people. The mission had also contacts with Cypriot church hierarchs who had succeeded those who had been slaughtered in 1821, that is to say Archbishop Damaskinos and the bishops: Panaretos of Paphos, Leontios of Kitium and Charalambos of Kyrenia. The mission, which was made up by the Metropolite of Evdokiada Grigorios and the Cypriot Charalambos Malis, had been provided with letters for the Cypriot Church hierarchs, by which they asked the contribution of the Cypriot Church for the success of the movement in Lebanon which, as it is reported in the letters, will help much in the establishment of Cyprus to the Greek State. However at the end the enterprise in Lebanon did not become officially acceptable by the Greek government. Various war chieftains however, and especially Vasos Maurovouniotis, Hadjimichalis Tailanos and Nikolaos Kriezotis, undertook to materialize the plan in Lebanon and Cyprus on their own initiative. Charalambos Malis and other Cypriots disagreed, because they did not encourage the undertaking of such a battle without the confirm opinion and support of the Greek government. Other Cypriots, such as the Vikentios, supported the initiative of the war chieftains. The mission was materialized (with 2.000 men and 14 ships) on March 1826. Not only did it failed pitifully, but in both Lebanon and Cyprus the Greek army unit committed robberies and pillages before returning back to Greece. Certainly Cyprus was never included in the Greek State. This dream was enclaved in practical problems, but mainly in interests and diplomatic mazes. However, the Cypriots did not cease to aid in the battles for the freedom of Hellenism.
noctoc-noctoc, greeknation.blogspot.com
During the Greek war for independence against the Ottomans in 1821, many revolutionary movements took place in Cyprus as well, however they all led to the slaughter of the Greek population of the island. In 1821 on the occasion the appearance of Greek revolutionary leader Konstantinos Kanaris at the coast of Lapithos near Kyrenia and the rumours about secret agreements between the Greek Cypriots and the Greek revolutionary movement made the Ottoman administration on the island sent 4.000 Turkish soldiers in Cyprus. These soldiers started disarming and terrorizing the Christian residents. Important members of the Greek Cypriot community were arrested and some of them were executed. After that, they arrested and also murdered savagely the Archbishop of Cyprus, Kyprianos and other church hierarchs on the 9th of July 1821. The blood orgy was continued with the hanging of 486 notable men and church hierarchs and with slaughters in various parts of the island. These slaughters continued for 30 days! Besides the revolutionary efforts in Cyprus, the Cypriot fighters without forgetting that they are also Greek, hurried to Greece and took part in the struggle of the Greek nation. Among the dead of the battle of Athens there were also 150 Cypriots. Also a special military unit was organized by Cypriots with Major Hadjipetros as the leader, which fought in many battles in Greece. The sacrifices and heavy toll of blood given by the Cypriots for the freedom of the Greek Nation were many. The Cypriots who took part in the Greek revolution are estimated to have been one thousand men, a large number, if we take into consideration that the total Greek population of Cyprus was then only 80.000 and the active male population around 20.000. In the National and Historical Museum of Greece, one of the holiest national treasures is kept. It is the flag that the Cypriot fighters used to hold in various battles of the Revolution. It is a big white flag with a light blue cross on which it is written in misspelled letters: "Greek flag of the homeland Cyprus". In Mesologgi, a monument for the Cypriot dead fighters reminds us their sacrifice among with besieged local population which died fighting without giving their freedom up.At the same time, Cyprus also fought for its own emancipation and incorporation in the Greek State with the little diplomatic and military means it had in its disposal.One such attempt was an effort from Greece which was combined with a plan for the incitement of revolt in Lebanon which was also under the Ottomans!For this effort, a mission was send in Lebanon to investigate and find out the intentions of the Lebanese people. The mission had also contacts with Cypriot church hierarchs who had succeeded those who had been slaughtered in 1821, that is to say Archbishop Damaskinos and the bishops: Panaretos of Paphos, Leontios of Kitium and Charalambos of Kyrenia. The mission, which was made up by the Metropolite of Evdokiada Grigorios and the Cypriot Charalambos Malis, had been provided with letters for the Cypriot Church hierarchs, by which they asked the contribution of the Cypriot Church for the success of the movement in Lebanon which, as it is reported in the letters, will help much in the establishment of Cyprus to the Greek State. However at the end the enterprise in Lebanon did not become officially acceptable by the Greek government. Various war chieftains however, and especially Vasos Maurovouniotis, Hadjimichalis Tailanos and Nikolaos Kriezotis, undertook to materialize the plan in Lebanon and Cyprus on their own initiative. Charalambos Malis and other Cypriots disagreed, because they did not encourage the undertaking of such a battle without the confirm opinion and support of the Greek government. Other Cypriots, such as the Vikentios, supported the initiative of the war chieftains. The mission was materialized (with 2.000 men and 14 ships) on March 1826. Not only did it failed pitifully, but in both Lebanon and Cyprus the Greek army unit committed robberies and pillages before returning back to Greece. Certainly Cyprus was never included in the Greek State. This dream was enclaved in practical problems, but mainly in interests and diplomatic mazes. However, the Cypriots did not cease to aid in the battles for the freedom of Hellenism.
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